| I. The summarisation of fomular, the way to change verbs in sentence and the use of present tenses
1- present simple
1.1 Formula:
_ affirmative form: S + V + … _ Negative form: S + don’t/doesn’t + V + …_ Interrogative form: do/does + S + V +…? Yes,S + do/does No,S + don’t/doesn’t
1.2 The way to change verbs:
_ If subject is one of these:"I", "you", "we". "they", the verb is infinitive _For the third person singular ("he," "she," "it"), an "-s" is added if the verb ends in a consonant,
or "-es" if the verb ends with a vowel
_verbs ending with "consonant + y" (for example, "to try," "to cry," "to bury," etc.) will end in "-ies" in the third person singular
1.3 The use of the tense:
_The simple present is used to express actions which take place in the present or which occur regularly (Things that happen repetedly) .
I usually get up at 6 a.m. He smokes.
_It also serves to express general or absolute statements not anchored in a particular time frame (Things in general)
Most river flow into the sea. The earth goes round the sun.
* There may be some adverbs appearing in the sentences of this form such as: always, usually, often, sometimes, frequently, occasionally, seldom, rarely…
2. Present continous
2.1 Formula:
_ Affirmative form: S+ tobe + V ing +… _ Negative form: S+ tobe + not + Ving +… _ Interrogative form: tobe + S + Ving +…? Yes,S + tobe No,S + tobe + not 2.2 The way to change verbs:
_ If the verbs ending with "y", add "ing" follow Ex: study - > studying _ As for the verb ending with consonant and having a vowel before, double the consonant before add "ing" follow
Ex: Swim -> swimming Sit -> sitting
_ There are some verbs which aren't used in this tense such as: want, belive, like, belong, know, suppose, remember, need, love, mean, forget, prefer, hear, understand, seem, have ( as for the meaning of owning something), think(as for the meaning of believing something), see.
2.3 The use of the tense:
_ To say that st is happening at or around the time of speaking
Ex: Please don’t make show much noisy,I studying
_ used when you are talking about what you have already arranged to do
Ex: We learn maths every Monday afternoon, but this afternoon we are learning English..
* There are some adverbs appearing in sentences of this form such as: now,at the moment,at present …
3. present perfect:
3.1 Formula:
_ Affirmative form: S + have/has + P2 +… _ Negative form: S + haven’t/hasn’t + P2+… _ Interrogative form: has/have+S+P2+…? Yes,S has/have No,S has/have +not
3.2 The way to change verbs:
_ verbs ending with "consonant + y" (for example, "to try," "to cry," "to bury," etc.) will end in "i+ed" _ There may be some verbs are irregular which have to be change into special way Ex: Stand -> stood sit-> sit
3.3 The use of tense:
_ To describe a long action which began in the past and has just stopped. Ex: The teacher has just cleaned the board.
_ To ask and answer to the question begun with "How long"
Ex: How long have you learned English We have learned English for a year. ( we are still learning English now) _ To describe the experiences which happened in unidentified time Ex: My grandfather has hunted lion. ( The time he hunted lion is unidentified)
* There are some adverbs in sentences such as :already, just, recently = lately = so far, not…yet, yet , never, since, for ... 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
4.1 Formula:
_ Affirmative form: S+has/have+been+ Ving +… _ Negative form: S+has/have+not+been+ Ving+… _ Interrogative form: has/have+S+been+Ving +…? Yes,S+has/have +… No,S+has/have+not +…
4.2 The way to change verbs:
As for "Ving" in sentences of this form: _ If the verbs ending with "y", add "ing" follow Ex: study - > studying _ As for the verb ending with consonant and having a vowel before, double the consonant before add "ing" follow
Ex: Swim -> swimming Sit -> sitting
4.3 The use of tense:
To describe an action began in the past and is still happening (may be last in the future) Ex: My parents have been travelling since early this morning. (They are still travelling now) I've been reading this book since 10 this morning. ( I'm still reading now)
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN present perfect AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS?
_ The present perfect tense press results of action while the present perfect continous tense press the process of action
_ The present perfect tense describes a finished action at present while in the present perfect continous tense, action happened in the past and lasts at present may be last in the future.
_ There is no identified time for action in the present perfect tense while it's true in the present perfect continous tense to have an identified time |
